Image statistics and lightness perception

Edward H. Adelson

The luminance of a matte surface is determined by a combination of factors, notably the illumination striking the surface and the reflectance of the surface. Both factors vary from point to point and scene to scene. Humans are quite good at achieving "lightness constancy," the discounting of viewing conditions in order to estimate reflectance. Psychophysical evidence points to several heuristics, one of which is gathering local luminance statistics in order to estimate the illumination. This process assumes that illumination is contant over a window, and assumes priors for the reflectance and illuminant distributions. Larger windows provide more samples, but they increase the chance that multiple conditions will be mixed. I will discuss the heuristics that the visual system uses to avoid this mixing, using grouping rules involving proximity, contours, and junctions. I will also discuss assumptions about reflectance distributions.
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